Women's hormone profile

Saliva hormone testing is a method for measuring hormones that is generally considered reliable and useful, especially in certain contexts. Here are some key points regarding the reliability of saliva hormone testing:
Benefits of saliva hormone tests
Non-invasive: Compared to blood tests, saliva samples are easier and less invasive to collect.
Stress-free: Since sampling is stress-free, the results are less affected by stress hormones.
Repeatable measurements: It is easier to collect multiple samples throughout the day, which is helpful in investigating hormone fluctuations.
Specifically for certain hormones: They are particularly useful for measuring free, biologically active hormones, such as cortisol, DHEA, and some sex hormones (e.g. progesterone, estradiol).
Applications
Saliva hormone tests are particularly useful in certain clinical and research settings, such as:
Monitoring cortisol levels to assess adrenal function and stress levels.
Measurement of hormones related to the female cycle and menopause.
Long-term monitoring of hormones without the need for frequent blood draws.
Saliva hormone tests are a valuable and reliable method for measuring certain hormones, especially when performed and interpreted correctly.

Estrogen and progesterone are two central female sex hormones that have a variety of functions in the body. They play an important role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and also influence other systems in the body. Here are the main functions of these hormones:
estrogen
Estrogen is a group of hormones that includes estradiol, estrone, and estriol. The main effects of estrogen include:
Regulation of the menstrual cycle: Estrogen promotes the growth and maturation of the ovaries and prepares the uterine lining (endometrium) for a possible pregnancy.
Puberty and development of secondary sexual characteristics: Estrogen is crucial for breast development, maturation of the reproductive organs, and distribution of body fat.
Bone health: It helps maintain bone density by inhibiting the breakdown of bone tissue.
Cardiovascular system: Estrogen has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system by regulating cholesterol levels and keeping blood vessels elastic.
Skin and mucous membranes: It supports the health of the skin and mucous membranes, keeping them moist and elastic.
progesterone
Progesterone is another essential hormone produced primarily in the ovaries, placenta, and adrenal glands. Progesterone's main effects include:
Regulation of the menstrual cycle: Progesterone prepares the uterine lining for the implantation of a fertilized egg and supports early pregnancy.
Pregnancy: It helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy by relaxing the uterine muscles and preventing premature contractions. It also supports the development of the placenta.
Supports breast development: Progesterone plays a role in preparing the mammary glands for milk production.
Influence on mood: Progesterone can influence mood and well-being by acting on the central nervous system.
Interaction of estrogen and progesterone
These two hormones often work together and in a finely tuned balance:
Menstrual cycle: In the first half of the cycle (follicular phase), estrogen dominates, promoting the growth of the uterine lining. After ovulation, progesterone levels rise to further stabilize the lining and prepare it for possible implantation.
Pregnancy: During pregnancy, levels of both hormones remain high to support pregnancy and prepare the uterus for fetal growth.
Imbalances in these hormones can lead to various health problems, such as irregular menstrual cycles, fertility issues, mood swings, and other health conditions. The precise regulation and action of these hormones are therefore crucial for health and well-being.

Too much estrogen, also known as hyperestrogenism, can cause a variety of health problems. Here are some of the possible effects of elevated estrogen levels:
Effects on the menstrual cycle
Irregular menstruation: Increased estrogen levels can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), or prolonged menstrual cycles.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS): Women with high estrogen levels may experience more PMS symptoms such as mood swings, breast tenderness, and bloating.
Effects on fertility and pregnancy
Reduced fertility: An imbalance between estrogen and progesterone can affect ovulation and implantation of a fertilized egg, which can reduce fertility.
Increased risk of miscarriage: High estrogen levels without adequate progesterone support can increase the risk of miscarriage.
Effects on breast tissue and breast health
Breast pain and swelling: High estrogen levels can cause breast pain and swelling.
Increased risk of breast cancer: Long-term elevated estrogen levels are associated with a higher risk of developing hormone-dependent breast cancer.
Effects on weight and metabolism
Weight gain: High estrogen levels can lead to weight gain, especially in the hips and thighs.
Water retention: Estrogen can promote fluid retention, leading to swelling and bloating.
Effects on the cardiovascular system
High blood pressure: Elevated estrogen levels can increase the risk of high blood pressure.
Blood clots: High estrogen levels can affect blood clotting and increase the risk of blood clots (thrombosis).
Effects on mood and the nervous system
Mood swings: High estrogen levels can contribute to mood swings, irritability, and depression.
Headaches and migraines: Women with high estrogen levels may be more likely to experience headaches and migraines.
Effects on the skin
Skin changes: High estrogen levels can cause skin changes such as acne or pigmentation disorders.
Causes of increased estrogen levels
Several factors can lead to increased estrogen levels, including:
Estrogen dominance: A condition in which the ratio of estrogen to progesterone is unbalanced, often due to a relative deficiency of progesterone.
Hormonal medications: Taking estrogen supplements or hormone replacement therapy.
Obesity: Fat cells produce estrogen, and high body fat can increase estrogen production.
Environmental factors: Exposure to estrogen-like chemicals in the environment (e.g., phthalates and bisphenol A).
Treatment and management
If high estrogen levels are suspected, it is important to consult a doctor. Possible treatment options include:
Lifestyle changes: Weight loss, a healthy diet, and regular exercise can help regulate estrogen levels.
Hormone therapy: In some cases, an adjustment of hormone replacement therapy or the use of progesterone preparations may be necessary.
Drug treatment: There are medications that can lower estrogen levels or block the effects of estrogen.
A balanced hormone ratio is crucial for health, so accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment are important.

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It's a precursor hormone, meaning it can be converted into other hormones in the body, particularly sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone. Here's some important information about DHEA:
Functions of DHEA
Precursor for sex hormones: DHEA is converted into the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone, which perform many important functions in the body.
Immune system support: DHEA can strengthen the immune system and help reduce inflammation.
Influence on mood and well-being: DHEA can improve mood, increase energy, and promote overall well-being.
Bone and muscle health: DHEA contributes to the maintenance of bone density and muscle mass.
Anti-aging effects: It is often associated with anti-aging effects because DHEA levels in the body decrease with age.
Production and regulation
Adrenal glands: DHEA is mainly produced in the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex.
Age: DHEA production peaks in early adulthood and gradually declines with age. DHEA levels are often significantly lower in older adults than in younger people.
Stress: Chronic stress can affect DHEA production because the adrenal glands also produce cortisol, a stress hormone.

Testosterone deficiency, also known as hypogonadism, can cause various physical and psychological symptoms. If you suspect you may have a testosterone deficiency, there are several steps you can take to find out:
1. Recognize symptoms
Look out for typical symptoms of testosterone deficiency. These may include:
Physical symptoms:
Low libido (sexual desire)
Erection problems
Reduced muscle mass and strength
Increase in body fat
Loss of body hair
Fatigue and low energy levels
Osteoporosis (reduced bone density)
Psychological symptoms:
Depressive mood
irritability
Difficulty concentrating
Memory problems
Testosterone deficiency can have a significant impact on quality of life, but it is treatable. Through a thorough examination and appropriate testing, testosterone deficiency can be diagnosed and effectively treated.