Estradiol (E2)

The strongest oestrogen. Regulates the menstrual cycle, bone density, mood and libido.

How oestradiol acts in the body

Oestradiol is formed from testosterone by aromatase – in women mainly in the ovaries in step with the cycle, controlled by FSH and LH, in men and after menopause mostly in fat tissue. Via the oestrogen receptors it builds up the uterine lining, controls ovulation through feedback, inhibits bone breakdown, keeps skin and mucous membranes moist and elastic and influences fat and sugar metabolism as well as messengers in the brain. The liver breaks it down; portions excreted in bile can be released again by the gut flora.

Low oestradiol – what happens in the body?

When there is little oestradiol, more bone is broken down than built, skin and mucous membranes become thinner and drier, and the heat-regulating centre in the brain becomes more sensitive – hot flushes and sweating may follow. The cycle becomes irregular or stops. This is typical of menopause; it also occurs with very little body fat, intense endurance training or a marked energy deficit.

High oestradiol – what happens in the body?

If there is a lot of oestradiol relative to progesterone, the uterine lining is built up more strongly – bleeding can become heavier –, the breasts feel tense and more water is retained. In men, more oestradiol, for example from a lot of fat tissue, can make breast tissue grow and slow testosterone production via the pituitary.

The interpretation is given in your report.