Zinc

Zinc is a cofactor for more than 200 enzymes and essential for immune defence, wound healing, hormone production (testosterone) and skin health. Zinc cannot be stored – a daily intake is necessary. Vegetarian and vegan diets, and a high intake of grains (phytates inhibit absorption), frequently lead to a shortfall.

How zinc acts in the body

Zinc sits at the centre of many enzymes and in so-called zinc fingers – proteins that switch genes on and off. It is needed wherever cells divide: in skin, mucous membranes, hair roots and in the multiplication of immune cells. Zinc is part of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, involved in the storage and release of insulin and needed for taste, smell and vision in dim light.

Low zinc – what happens in the body?

With little zinc, cells divide more slowly: wounds heal less well, skin and mucous membranes become more vulnerable (eczema, acne) and hair falls out more. Immune cells, especially T cells, multiply less well, which makes infections more likely. Taste and smell decline, testosterone production and sperm quality may fall, and vision in dim light can be impaired. Causes are low intake, phytates from cereals and pulses, losses through diarrhoea or diabetes, and some medications.

High zinc – what happens in the body?

A lot of zinc over a long period, usually from supplements, displaces copper during absorption in the gut. The resulting copper deficiency can lead to anaemia, fewer white blood cells and nerve problems. High single doses cause nausea and vomiting.

The interpretation is given in your report.