Magnesium

Magnesium takes part in more than 300 enzyme reactions – among them all ATP-producing processes, DNA synthesis and the regulation of neurotransmitters. Serum magnesium shows only 1 % of the body's stock. Whole blood analysis measures intracellularly. In studies on intake in Germany, part of the population falls below the recommended intake, especially adolescents and older people.

What magnesium does in the body

About half of the body's magnesium is in the bones, almost all the rest in the cells, especially in the muscles. In the cell, magnesium is bound to ATP – only as magnesium-ATP can the energy carrier be used. Magnesium stabilises cell membranes and is the natural counterpart of calcium: it slows calcium influx into nerve and muscle cells and dampens the receptor for the excitatory messenger glutamate (NMDA receptor). It is also needed for the formation and action of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D and for insulin action. The kidneys regulate the level in the blood.

Low magnesium – what happens in the body?

When magnesium is lacking, calcium flows more easily into nerve and muscle cells: they become more excitable – muscle twitching, calf cramps, tingling, inner restlessness and heart rhythm disturbances may follow. The use of ATP becomes less efficient, insulin action declines and, because the parathyroid glands release less parathyroid hormone, calcium and potassium often fall as well. Causes are low intake, losses via the gut (diarrhoea) or the kidneys (diuretics, alcohol, diabetes) and acid blockers.

High magnesium – what happens in the body?

Too much magnesium in the blood is rare, because healthy kidneys excrete the excess; it occurs mainly with reduced kidney function or very high doses. The excitability of nerves and muscles is then dampened: tiredness, muscle weakness, low blood pressure and a slow heartbeat are possible. High single doses by mouth tend to cause diarrhoea, because magnesium binds water in the gut.

The interpretation is given in your report.